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\data\alt\turcet
▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*julface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"stream, brook, fountainface="Times New Roman Star"река, ручейface="Times New Roman Star"jul (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jul (MK)







face="Times New Roman Star"c?ul
face="Times New Roman Star"jul
face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъw|l











face="Times New Roman Star"jul
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 917-918, VEWT 209-210, ЭСТЯ 4, 244.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Togface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"dustface="Times New Roman Star"пыльface="Times New Roman Star"tog| (OUygh. - late, Lig. VSOu)face="Times New Roman Star"tog| (MK, KB); tog|- 'to rise (of dust)'

face="Times New Roman Star"tog| (Pav. C., Abush.)
face="Times New Roman Star"tog| (dial., Malov - Xami)


face="Times New Roman Star"to:la- 'to crumble'





face="Times New Roman Star"tog|-la- 'to crumble'










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 483, EDT 463.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ku"meface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"dug-out, hutface="Times New Roman Star"землянка, хижина

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"mu"ldu", dial. ku"me





face="Times New Roman Star"ku"me


















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 308. An exclusively Oghuz word; traditionally derived from Pers. kuma 'stack, hut' (see Лексика 499), but a reverse direction of borrowing cannot be excluded. Cf. perhaps Karakh. (MK) ku"mi 'name of a town on the Uyghur border' (?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kapyrc?ak, *Kapsakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 box, coffin 2 basketface="Times New Roman Star"1 ящик, гроб 2 корзина
face="Times New Roman Star"qapyrc?aq 1,2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koburc?uk, dial. kapurz?|ak 1, dial. kabzak, kabsak 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qabyrc?aq (IM), qaburc?uq (AH)



face="Times New Roman Star"Gapyrz?|aq 1



face="Times New Roman Star"> Hung. koporso/ 1 (see Gombocz 1912)













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 587, ЭСТЯ 5, 276-278. Tekin (1979, 127) cites Uygh. qapyz 'coffin', but we were unable to find the word either in Old or Mod. Uyghur. Perhaps he meant Karakh. xafsy 'small box' (MK, see EDT 587). Brockelmann derived the word from Lat. capsa through Syr. qafsa:, but a loan in Turkic < Syr. is not quite probable, and the word might well be genuine. But modern forms: Tur. dial. kapsa 'box, chest', (CCum.) qapsa 'box, coffin' may well be < Syr. (cf. ЭСТЯ 5, 277).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"peface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 coat of mail 2 ring of mail 3 earring 4 overcoat 5 saddle-pad for a camel 6 film of egg, exuviae 7 a k. of cloth or carpetface="Times New Roman Star"1 кольчуга 2 кольцо кольчуги 3 серьга 4 плащ, пальто 5 верблюжье седло 6 пленка яйца, сброшенная кожа 7 вид ткани или ковра
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pe 1, 2, 3, ku"pik (MK) 4, ko"pc?u"k (MK) 5, ko"psu"n 'mattress' (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pe 3, kepeneg, ko"penek 4, ko"pen 7face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pme| 'mattress'face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pen (ku"pen) 5




face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bo"n 'mattress'


face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|be 6



face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pu" 'шуба из меха медвежонка'face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ps?ik 'pillow'
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pme| 'mattress'





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 687, 688, 689, ЭСТЯ 5, 48-49, 108 (Tur. ko"pen being attributed here to a quite different root, see under *ko"p- 'to swell, foam'), 114-115, 129-130, TMN 3, 581-583. The above forms are hard to separate, and Doerfer's point of view that ko"penek is secondarily < kepenek is probably faulty (even though ko"penek is attested later: ko"pen is certainly attested earlier, and an assimilative delabialization *ko"penek > kepenek seems quite plausible). The Chuvash form shows that the original meaning of the root must have been 'transparent covering, film', whence 'coat of mail' etc. Turk. > Mong. kebeneg 'saddle-cloth, shirt', Hung. ko"po"nyeg 'raincoat' (Gombocz 1912).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kod-, *Kodur-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to take trouble, make efforts 2 to overpowerface="Times New Roman Star"1 прилагать усилия 2 осиливать, одолевать
face="Times New Roman Star"qod|ur- (MK) 1












face="Times New Roman Star"xot- 2face="Times New Roman Star"kot- 2











face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 605; Stachowski 154 (but, because of semantic difference, hardly to *Kod- 'put aside').
face="Times New Roman Star"*gu":l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to tether, bind feetface="Times New Roman Star"привязывать, спутывать ноги
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l-tu"r- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"gu"lu"- (dial.)



face="Times New Roman Star"k'ul-
face="Times New Roman Star"gu"jl-

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l-



face="Times New Roman Star"xu"lu"-










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 308, EDT 717 (incorrectly to ku"l- 'harness'), ЭСТЯ 3, 95-96.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"defect, sinface="Times New Roman Star"недостаток, грехface="Times New Roman Star"mu"n (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"mu"n (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"min (КСТТ)














face="Times New Roman Star"mu"n, minface="Times New Roman Star"minface="Times New Roman Star"min



face="Times New Roman Star"min
face="Times New Roman Star"min-siz 'flawless'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 347, EDT 347, 767 (confused with other roots), ОСНЯ 3, 55-56, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kor(t)-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 burbot 2 pike 3 huso, belugaface="Times New Roman Star"1 налим 2 щука 3 белуга


face="Times New Roman Star"(КСТТ) qurty 1, qurtan 2





face="Times New Roman Star"xorty 1 (Sag.)face="Times New Roman Star"qortu 1face="Times New Roman Star"qortu 1
face="Times New Roman Star"? kъrtъs?, kъrъs? 'ruff' ( = Mari kyrys?, k@rkke 'trout')




face="Times New Roman Star"qortpa 3face="Times New Roman Star"qortpa 3






face="Times New Roman Star"Федотов 1, 260. For Chuv. kъrtъs? cf. also Tat. qyrtys? (the direction of borrowing is unclear).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"j (?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"time, ageface="Times New Roman Star"время, возраст














face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju":n (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"j










face="Times New Roman Star"ОСНЯ 1, 242. The form is poorly attested and rather dubious (the Tuva form may be < Oyr. o"j < PT *o"d q. v. sub *odi).
face="Times New Roman Star"*dan|-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to bind togetherface="Times New Roman Star"связывать
face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- (Abush., Sangl.)

face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-
face="Times New Roman Star"dan|-

face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-

face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- 'to put on'face="Times New Roman Star"don|-na-
face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-




face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 461, EDT 514, ЭСТЯ 3, 145-146, Stachowski 216. Turk. > Kalm. tan- 'to plait, knot'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?arface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 whetstone 2 sickle 3 to whetface="Times New Roman Star"1 точильный камень 2 серп 3 точить


face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1, 'mill stone', c?ar-la- 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar-la- 3 (Pav. C.)





face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s/orla 2face="Times New Roman Star"sardag|a, sarda:na 'short heavy arrow with a broad head' (Пек.)



face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1face="Times New Roman Star"sar 1


face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:r- 'to cut, stick in' (ССЯ: Udzh.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1, 'spool'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99-100, Егоров 221, Федотов 2, 143 (borrowing < FU *s/orva 'horn' is hardly credible). Bulg. > Hung. sarlo/ 'sickle', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 494-495. The root is certainly genuine, although some influence of the Iranian c?aryk, c?arx 'wheel' could have existed.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAnuface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"wild catface="Times New Roman Star"дикая кошкаface="Times New Roman Star"manu (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"manul












face="Times New Roman Star"many










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 767. Turk. > Kalm. manl, Dag. manu: (Тод. Даг. 153) (probably contaminated with Mong. proper malur < *malul q. v. sub *ma/l/e). Uygh. molun 'wild cat' may be a mongolism.
face="Times New Roman Star"*utyr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"otterface="Times New Roman Star"выдра













face="Times New Roman Star"ъw|dъw|rface="Times New Roman Star"ytyy












face="Times New Roman Star"Мудрак Дисс. 145. See under *Ka.ma a discussion of other possible traces of this root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)an|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"fatherface="Times New Roman Star"отецface="Times New Roman Star"qan| (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qan|das? 'half-brother, son of the same father and a different mother' (MK), qan|syq ata 'step-father' (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 232, EDT 630, 635, 640, ЭСТЯ 5, 258.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bodu-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to fasten (with a nail, arrow) 2 to be fastened, attached 3 wooden nail in camel's nose for fastening the tether 4 nailface="Times New Roman Star"1 прикреплять, прибивать (гвоздем, стрелой) 2 быть прикрепленным 3 деревянный гвоздик в носовой перегородке верблюда для прикрепления привязи 4 гвоздьface="Times New Roman Star"bodu- 1 (OUygh.), bodul- 2, budlu 3 (OUygh. - YB)face="Times New Roman Star"bodu- 1 (MK), butlu ( = budlu) 3 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"pojra 'wheel hob', dial. bujru, bujlu
face="Times New Roman Star"bujla (MA) 3
face="Times New Roman Star"bujla 3

face="Times New Roman Star"bu"jli 3face="Times New Roman Star"pozyg| 4face="Times New Roman Star"pozug| 4






face="Times New Roman Star"bujla 3face="Times New Roman Star"bujda 3face="Times New Roman Star"bojysqan (< *body-s?-kan) 'woollen lead for fastening calves during milking'face="Times New Roman Star"bujlyq 'a bridle detail, суголовник'


face="Times New Roman Star"bujda 3

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 300, 304, 305, ЭСТЯ 2, 287. The original meaning of the root is clearly 'to fasten, attach'. The -u-vowel in the name of camel harness may be a result of borrowing in Karakh. from a Kypchak-type dialect, with further dispersion from Karakh. Тurk. bujla > Mong. bujla 'id.' > Tuva bujla.
face="Times New Roman Star"*TEpir/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"envyface="Times New Roman Star"зависть
face="Times New Roman Star"tepiz, tepze- 'to envy' (MK, KB)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 448.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ergeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 part of the yurt close to the door 2 threshhold 3 stairsface="Times New Roman Star"1 часть юрты рядом с дверью 2 порог 3 лестница



face="Times New Roman Star"irgene 'smth. belonging to the tent' (Sangl.)




face="Times New Roman Star"irk@n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"irge 2
face="Times New Roman Star"argъ `lap'face="Times New Roman Star"ergene, ergine 3


face="Times New Roman Star"ergilc?ek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erge, irge 1







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 47, Федотов 1, 56-57.
face="Times New Roman Star"*to:j-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to singface="Times New Roman Star"петь

face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq (Osm.)
face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq 'a verse metre'
face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq 'rhymed verse'







face="Times New Roman Star"tuoj- 'to sing, chant', tojuk 'improvised song'












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 568.
face="Times New Roman Star"*en|ir-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to spin 2 to surroundface="Times New Roman Star"1 крутить 2 окружатьface="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (OUygh.) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (Буд.) 2











face="Times New Roman Star"e:r- 1










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 113, VEWT 37.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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